Delhi Heritage Trail : 9
Kos Minar
Mile Pillar situated within the premises of Delhi Zoological Park, on Mathura Road. These were Mile Pillars which were erected during the rule of mediavel Afghan ruler of Delhi Sher Shah Suri(1540-45) and later by Mughul rulers. They were erected on the main highways marking the distance. One Kos is equivalent to 3kms.
They were solid round pillars around 30 feet in height that stands on a masonry platform built with bricks and plastered with lime. They were important tools of communication and travel in Mughul empire.
Many such Kos Minars were constructed in the highways from Agra to Ajmer via Jaipur, Agra to Lahore/Peshawar via Delhi, Agra to Mandu in the South and Delhi to Bengal via Kanauj in the East. Modern Indian highways have come up in the same route marked by these Minars.
This one of the few surviving Kos Minar is situated on Mathura Road and is well preserved.
Wednesday, November 21, 2018
Tuesday, November 20, 2018
Kutub Minar
Delhi Heritage Trail : 8
Qutub Minar
Qutub Minar the tallest stone tower in the Indian subcontinent. It is situated on the southern suburb of Delhi near Mehrauli. The construction of the tower was started in the year 1192 by Qutbuddin Aibak the founder of Slave dynasty near Quwwat ul Islam Mosque. During his lifetime only the first storey of the tower was completed made of red sandstone.
The second, third and fourth storey were constructed by his successor Iltumish(1211-36). It was struck by a major lightening in the year 1368 during the period of Firuz Shah Tughlaq and the fourth storey was damaged . It was replaced by him along with an additional fifth storey. Later in 1503 Sikandar Lodhi of the Lodhi dynasty renovated the top stories with marble stones.
The total height of the Minar is 238 feet and there are 329 revolving steps inside it to go to the top. The angular and circular fluttings on the lower storeys, projecting balconies and decorative inscriptions on the walls add to its beauty. It is said artisans from Samarkand and Bukhara in the middle east Asia were brought to do the decorations.
Another major earthquake struck the Minar in 1803 and the top Cupola was damaged. The East India Company Governor General authorised Major Robert Smith Garrison Engineer stationed at Delhi to do the repair. He replaced the top with a Hindu style Cupola and work was completed by 1828. But it was not in tune with the Islamic architecture of the Minar and ultimately in 1848 Lord Hardinge ordered the removal of it and it now lies in the corner of the ground. It used to be called Smiths folly.
Our people are enamoured by the modern day skyscrapers of the western hemisphere without appreciating the one in our backyard constructed 800 years back.
Mirza Ghalib
Delhi Heritage Trail : 7
The Tomb of Mirza Ghalib at Nizammuddin.
Mirza Ghalib (1797-1869) was a great poet of Persian and Urdu languages who lived in the final era of Moghul rule in Delhi. He was born in Agra as Mirza Asadulla Baig Khan and started writing poetry from the age of 11. He migrated to Delhi and had his haveli at Ballimaran in Chandni Chowk. He was a court poet of Moghul rulers.
Ghalib married at a young age of 13 and none of his seven children survived infancy stage. This tinge of sadness in personal life was reflected in his poetries. He was popular in the Indian subcontinent. His theme that life is one of continuous struggle was reflected in his verses.
He was a gifted letter writer and in one of his letters mentions marriage as second imprisonment after the initial confinement of life itself. His letters paved the way for simpler usage of Urdu which was ornamental earlier.
He took the concept of Ghazals and changed them from expression of anguish in love to philosophies of life. His haveli in Chandni Chowk has been converted into a memorial. He was given the title Dabir-ul-Mulk by Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar in 1850. He died in 1869.
Saturday, October 20, 2018
Khair ul Manazil Masjid, Mathura Road
Delhi Heritage Trail : 6
Khair ul Manazil Masjid
This Masjid is situated on Mathura Road opposite Purana Qila. It was constructed in the year 1561 by Maham Angah the Wet Nurse of Emperor Akbar.
The entrance of the Masjid has a grand red sandstone Archway representing Mughul Architecture of the period. The entrance is grandiose in style. The Masjid inside is built of rubble stone and coated with white plaster in sultanate architectural style.
As you enter the archway there is a octogonal water pool which the devout Muslims use for their ablutions. The Masjid on the opposite is having three arched gateways and the main prayer hall has five arches leading to it. On the entrance gate of the Masjid is an inscription which mentions about Maham Angah construction of the Masjid.
Maham Angah was a powerful lady assertive and autocratic. She was the person who took care of Emperor Akbar when Humayun died in 1556 and Akbar was hardly 13 years of age. In fact she was the defacto ruler for 5 years.
It is said that once Akbar after hunting in the Forest and after visiting Nizammuddin Auliya Dargah nearby rested here. A disgruntled slave tried to attack him with an arrow which missed him by a whisker he being of short stature. What must have happened to the slave need no mention.
Sadly this heritage mosque maintained by ASI is in a very bad shape. The devout Muslim who come for prayer here on Fridays consist of a good number of Advocates from nearby Delhi High Court. In winter it is informed that the prayers are held in the courtyard in the soothing winter sunshine.
Situated on Mathura Road opposite Purana Qila. Nearest metro station Pragati Maidan
Saturday, September 8, 2018
Hazrat Nizammuddin Dargah
Delhi Heritage Trail : 5
Hazrat Nizamuddin Dargah
This Dargah of Saint Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya (1238-1325) is situated in Central Delhi on the road leading to Mathura Road. The entrance to the Dargah is through a narrow lane with Muslim shopkeepers selling rose petals, Attar and and flower basket offering to the Saint.
Nizamuddin Auliyah was a Sufi Saint of 13th and early 14th century of the Chisti order. His forefathers were from Bukhara in Uzbekistan and he was born in Badayun in Uttar Pradesh. He shifted to Delhi at a young age and started teaching the easy way to realise God through love. For him love of God implied a love of humanity . His vision was marked by a sense of religious pluralism and kindness. He was loved by the people of Delhi and their outlook on wordly matters changed.
The original tomb was built by Mohammed Tughlaq in 14th century after his death. The tomb of Amir Khusru his famous disciple and a poet of Persian and Urdu language faces Auliyas Tomb. Tomb of Jahanara the daughter of Shahjahan is also their in the complex. The original tomb was renovated in 1562 to the present state during Akbars period.
His devotees consider the place very sacred and Id and Urs are celebrated in a grand manner. The Dargah is open on all days and the Qawaali songs in the evening manifolds the divinity of the place. You can spend some time in meditation at the Dargah and the serene atmosphere offers great peace of mind. The devote sit around the Dargah reading the Quran and the wall outside shrine of Amir Khusru has a poem praising Nizamuddin Auliya. It is altogether a different experience. One has to be there to realise it.
Friday, August 24, 2018
Bank of Delhi 1846
Delhi Heritage Trail : 4
This more than 200 year old heritage building dominating the skyline of Chandini Chowk was acquired by Bank of Delhi in 1846. Earlier it was being used by the British rulers as their court. It was here on 11th May 1857 that the Agent of the Bank George Beresford along with his wife and five daughters were killed by the invading mutineers from Meerut. The mutiny broke out at Meerut on 10th May and the sepoys marched to Delhi immediately. Beresford and his fought a valiant battle to save themselves with his wife killing at least two mutineers with a spear. They lie buried at St.James Church, Kashmir Gate.
Imperial Bank of India the predecessor of State Bank of India acquired the building later and presently it houses SBI Regional Office. For sometime RBI also functioned from here. This heritage building with Palladian architecture epitomises European architecture of the time. The corinthian columns, balustered terrace, arched doors and windows, spiral iron staircase and english lifts are a class apart justifying the heritage character of this building.
Sunday, August 19, 2018
Old Yamuna Bridge 1863
Delhi Heritage Trail : 3
Old Yamuna Bridge( Lohe Ka Pul)
This 152 year old Bridge across the Yamuna behind Red Fort is a living example of engineering skills of the Indians in 19th century. The construction of the bridge started a year after the death of the last Mughul emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar II in 1863 and was completed in 1866. It was constructed to connect Delhi from Calcutta by Rail. Before that people used to be ferried across the Yamuna by boats to reach Shajahanabad ( old Delhi). It changed the boundaries of the city and Trans Yamuna started to develop. The 12 span bridge cost the government around 16 lakhs and was a engineering marvel of the time. Intially a single line was constructed which was converted into double line and the bridge was extensively renovated in 1930s and reopened in 1936.
Pictures : Francis Frith, Hindu
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